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Phendimetrazine has been available for more than forty years. This diet pill stimulates the satiety (feeling of fullness) center in the limbic and hypothalamus regions of the brain where appetite and hunger are controlled. Phendimetrazine is an appetite suppressant and amphetamine like stimulant. This prescription medication can be very effective if you follow a sensible eating plan and a consistent exercise program.
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Phendimetrazine
(Appetite Suppressant - Oral)
Uses
This medication is used in combination with a diet plan to help you reduce weight.
How to take this medication
This medication is best taken on an empty stomach one hour before meals. Sustained-release or long acting products must be swallowed whole. Crushing or chewing them will destroy the long action and may cause increased side effects. Because this medication may cause sleeplessness, avoid taking a dose late in the day. Take this medication as prescribed. Do not take it more often or longer than directed. It is usually taken for 8 to 12 weeks. Use in combination with other appetite suppressant medicine is generally not recommended. Consult your doctor before such use.
Side effects
Blurred vision, dizziness, dry mouth, sleeplessness, irritability, stomach upset or constipation may occur the first few days as your body adjusts to the medication. If these effects persist or become bothersome, inform your doctor. Notify your doctor if you experience: chest pain, nervousness, pounding heart, difficulty urinating, mood changes, breathing difficulties, swelling. If this medication makes you dizzy or lightheaded, avoid driving or engaging in activities requiring alertness. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
Precautions
Tell your doctor your complete medical history, especially if you have: high blood pressure, an over-active thyroid, glaucoma, diabetes, emotional problems. This medication can be habit forming and must be used with caution. Alcohol can increase unwanted side effects of dizziness. Limit alcohol use. This drug is not recommended for use in children. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further information. This medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risk and benefits with your doctor. This drug may be excreted into breast milk. You may have to stop nursing or stop using this drug. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
Drug interactions
Inform your doctor about all the medicines you use, (prescription and nonprescription) especially if you take: high blood pressure medicine, MAO inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, linezolid, phenelzine, selegiline, tranylcypromine), any other weight loss medicine. Avoid "stimulant" drugs that may increase your heart rate such as decongestants or caffeine. Decongestants are commonly found in over-the-counter cough-and-cold medicines. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.
Overdose
If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include restlessness, fever, fast breathing, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, panic or paranoid, drowsiness, convulsions, unconsciousness, unusually fast or slow heart beat, headache, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, pale or flushing, chest pain, sweating, muscle weakness, agitation, large pupils, or delusions.
Notes
Appetite suppressants are not a substitute for proper diet. For maximum effects, this must be used in conjunction with a diet and exercise program. Do not share this medication with others.
Miss dose
If you miss a dose, do not double the next dose. Instead, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule.
Storage
Store at room temperature away from sunlight and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom.
Phendimetrazine tartrate is a white, odorless powder with a bitter taste. It is soluble in water, methanol and ethanol.
Bontril Slow-Release capsules contain FD&C Yellow No. 6 as a color additive.
ACTIONS
Phendimetrazine tartrate is a sympathomimetic amine with pharmacological activity similar to the prototype drugs of this class used in obesity, the amphetamines. Actions include central nervous system stimulation and elevation of blood pressure. Tachyphylaxis and tolerance have been demonstrated with all drugs of this class in which these phenomena have been looked for.
Drugs of this class used in obesity are commonly known as "anorectics" or "anorexigenics". It has not been established, however, that the action of such drugs in treating obesity is primarily one of appetite suppression. Other central nervous system actions or metabolic effects may be involved.
Adult obese subjects instructed in dietary management and treated with anorectic drugs lose more weight on the average than those treated with placebo and diet, as determined in relatively short term clinical trials.
The magnitude of increased weight loss of drug-treated patients over placebo-treated patients is only a fraction of a pound a week. The rate of weight loss is greatest in the first weeks of therapy for both drug and placebo subjects and tends to decrease in succeeding weeks. The possible origin of the increased weight loss due to the various drug effects is not established. The amount of weight loss associated with the use of an anorectic drug varies from trial to trial, and the increased weight loss appears to be related in part to variables other than the drug prescribed, such as the physician investigator, the population treated, and the diet prescribed. Studies do not permit conclusions as to the relative importance of the drug and non-drug factors on weight loss.
The natural history of obesity is measured in years, whereas the studies cited are restricted to a few weeks duration; thus, the total impact of drug-induced weight loss over that of diet alone must be considered clinically limited.
The active drug 105 mg of phendimetrazine tartrate in each capsule of this special slow-release dosage form approximates the action of three 35 mg non-time release doses taken at 4 hours intervals.
The major route of elimination is via the kidneys where most of the drug and metabolites are excreted. Some of the drug is metabolized to phenmetrazine and also phendimetrazine-N-oxide.
The average half-life of elimination when studied under controlled conditions is about 1.9 hours for the non-time and 9.8 hours for the slow-release dosage form. The absorption half-life of the drug from conventional non-time 35 mg phendimetrazine tartrate tablets is approximately the same. These data indicate that the slow-release product has a similar onset of action to the conventional non-time-release product and, in addition, has a prolonged therapeutic effect.
INDICATIONS
Phendimetrazine tartrate is indicated in the management of exogenous obesity as a short term adjunct (a few weeks) in a regimen of weight reduction based on caloric restriction. The limited usefulness of agents of this class (see ACTIONS ) should be measured against possible risk factors inherent in their use such as those described below.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
Advanced arteriosclerosis, symptomatic cardiovascular disease, moderate and severe hypertension, hyperthyroidism, known hypersensitivity, or idiosyncrasy to the sympathomimetic amines, glaucoma. Agitated states. Patients with a history of drug abuse. Use in patients taking other CNS stimulants including monoamine oxidase inhibitors.
WARNINGS
Tolerance to the anorectic effect usually develops within a few weeks. When this occurs, the recommended dose should not be exceeded in an attempt to increase the effect; rather, the drug should be discontinued.
Use of phendimetrazine tartrate within 14 days following the administration of monoamine oxidase inhibitors may result in a hypertensive crisis.
Abrupt cessation of administration following prolonged high dosage results in extreme fatigue and depression. Because of the effect on the central nervous system phendimetrazine tartrate may impair the ability of the patient to engage in potentially hazardous activities such as operating machinery or driving a motor vehicle; the patient should therefore be cautioned accordingly.
PRECAUTIONS
Caution is to be exercised in prescribing phendimetrazine tartrate for patients with even mild hypertension.
Insulin requirements in diabetes mellitus may be altered in association with the use of phendimetrazine tartrate and the concomitant dietary regimen.
Phendimetrazine tartrate may decrease the hypotensive effect of guanethidine.
The least amount feasible should be prescribed or dispensed at one time in order to minimize the possibility of overdosage.
Usage in Pregnancy: Safe use in pregnancy has not been established. Until more information is available, phendimetrazine tartrate should not be taken by women who are or may become pregnant unless, in the opinion of the physician, the potential benefits outweigh the possible hazards.
Usage in Children: Phendimetrazine tartrate is not recommended for use in children under 12 years of age.
ADVERSE REACTIONS
Cardiovascular: Palpitation, tachycardia, elevation of blood pressure.
Central Nervous System: Overstimulation, restlessness, dizziness, insomnia, tremor, headache; rarely psychotic episodes at recommended doses, agitation, flushing, sweating, blurring of vision.
Gastrointestinal: Dryness of the mouth, diarrhea, constipation, nausea, stomach pain.
Genitourinary: Changes in libido, urinary frequency, dysuria.
DRUG ABUSE AND DEPENDENCE
Controlled Substance: Phendimetrazine tartrate is a Schedule III controlled substance.
Dependence: Phendimetrazine Tartrate is related chemically and pharmacologically to the amphetamines. Amphetamines and related stimulant drugs have been extensively abused, and the possibility of abuse of phendimetrazine should be kept in mind when evaluating the desirability of including a drug as part of a weight reduction program. Abuse of amphetamines and related drugs may be associated with intense psychological dependence and severe social dysfunction. There are reports of patients who have increased the dosage to many times that recommended. Abrupt cessation following prolonged high dosage administration results in extreme fatigue and mental depression; changes are also noted on the sleep EEG. Manifestations of chronic intoxication with anorectic drugs include severe dermatoses, marked insomnia, irritability, hyperactivity and personality changes. The most severe manifestation of chronic intoxications is psychosis, often clinically indistinguishable from schizophrenia.
OVERDOSAGE
Manifestations of acute overdosage may include restlessness, tremor, hyperreflexia, rapid respiration, confusion, assaultiveness, hallucinations, panic states.
Fatigue and depression usually follow the central stimulation.
Cardiovascular effects include arrhythmias, hypertension, or hypotension and circulatory collapse. Gastrointestinal symptoms include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal cramps. Poisoning may result in convulsions, coma, and death.
Management of acute intoxication is largely symptomatic and includes lavage and sedation with a barbiturate. Experience with hemodialysis or peritoneal dialysis is inadequate to permit recommendation in this regard.
Acidification of the urine increases phendimetrazine tartrate excretion.
Intravenous phentolamine (Regitine) has been suggested for possible acute, severe hypertension, if this complicates overdosage.
DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION
One Slow-Release Capsule (105 mg) in the morning, taken 30-60 minutes before the morning meal.
Phendimetrazine Tartrate is not recommended for use in children under twelve years of age.
HOW SUPPLIED
Bontril Slow Release Capsules (phendimetrazine tartrate 105 mg) is available as opaque green and clear yellow capsules, imprinted with the letter "A" and "047". Supplied in bottles of 100 capsules (NDC #65234-047-10) and 1000 capsules (NDC 65234-047-90).
Store at controlled room temperature, 15°-30°C (59°-86°F).
Rx only
Manufactured for Amarin Pharmaceuticals Inc.
PRODUCT PHOTO(S):
NOTE: These photos can be used only for identification by shape, color, and imprint. They do not depict actual or relative size.
The product samples shown here have been supplied by the manufacturer and reproduced in full color by PDR as a quick-reference identification aid. While every effort has been made to assure accurate reproduction, please remember that any visual identification should be considered preliminary. In cases of poisoning or suspected overdosage, the drug's identity should be verified by chemical analysis
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Is Prescription Bontril® right for you?
by Sally LoBriglio
We have discussed lots of topics in the ConsumerHealthDigest.com weight loss forum—diet, exercise, stress, anxiety, pms, menopause, depression, diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease. But one topic that is sure to turn up week after week is appetite suppression. So many people just cannot gain control over their appetite, and we now know that more than just will-power is required to fight the battle of the bulge –and win. Unfortunately, human beings have been hard-wired with large appetites for the purpose of increasing the chance of survival in ancient times.
In times of scarcity, this trait was necessary for the survival of our ancestors. However, in modern times, where most of us encounter an excess of accessible, relatively inexpensive, calorically dense foods, this trait causes considerably more harm than good.
Large appetites, combined with the excess accessibility of inexpensive, calorically dense foods, unfortunately for us, is a formula for disaster. Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the U.S. and continues to grow in size and severity. And we know that obesity leads to cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and diabetes, as well as a number of other serious health conditions which can have drastic implications. So what can we do on our end to silence the call of our ravenous, often out of control appetites and finally put an end to weight gain?
In light of the recent obesity epidemic, a number of products have appeared on the market aimed at weight loss and appetite suppression. These products include vitamin, mineral, and herbal supplements, as well as prescription pharmaceutical medications which can only be obtained under a doctor’s recommendation.
A solution may now be available for you.
By using an appetite suppressant, and finding ways to restore normal, balanced eating habits, it may be possible to lose weight as well as the stress of dieting through willpower alone, and get your life back on track.
Prescription Drug Bontril®
Phendimetrazine tartrate, generic name for the appetite suppressant Bontril®. Phendimetrazine tartrate is indicated only for the short-term (few weeks) management of obesity. Tolerance to the appetite suppressant effects usually develops within a few weeks, at which time the drug will become ineffective and use should be discontinued. Caution should be used, as phendimetrazine has been indicated in the development of primary pulmonary hypertension, a rare, fatal disease of the lungs, as well as valvular heart disease.
Bontril® is related chemically and pharmacologically to the amphetamines. The use of amphetamines and related drugs may be associated with intense psychological dependence and severe social dysfunction. Discontinued use may result in withdrawal-like symptoms including extreme fatigue and depression. Side effects may also include skin abnormalities, insomnia, irritability, hyperactivity, personality changes, and psychosis.
Are there alternatives?
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Bontril is an appetite suppressant used along with diet, exercise, and behavior therapy for the short-term management of obesity
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Bontril - Phendimetrazine
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Adipost, Anorex-SR, Appecon, Bontril PDM, Bontril Slow-Release, Melfiat, Obezine, Phendiet, Plegine, Prelu-2, Statobex
What is the most important information I should know about Bontril?
• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Bontril may cause dizziness, blurred vision, or restlessness, and it may hide the symptoms of extreme tiredness. If you experience these effects, avoid hazardous activities.
• Bontril is habit forming. You can become physically and psychologically dependent on this medication, and withdrawal effects may occur if you stop taking it suddenly after several weeks of continuous use. Talk to your doctor about stopping this medication gradually.
• Do not crush, chew, or open any "once-daily" phendimetrazine tablets or capsules. Swallow them whole.
What is Bontril?
• Bontril is a sympathomimetic amine, which is similar to an amphetamine. It is also known as an "anorectic" or "anorexigenic" drug. Bontril stimulates the central nervous system (nerves and brain), which increases your heart rate and blood pressure and decreases your appetite.
• Bontril is used as a short-term supplement to diet and exercise in the treatment of obesity.
• Bontril may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
Who should not take Bontril?
• You cannot take Bontril if you
· have heart disease or high blood pressure;
· have arteriosclerosis (hardening of the arteries);
· have glaucoma;
· have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate), or phenelzine (Nardil) in the last 14 days; or
· have a history of drug or alcohol abuse.
• Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you have
· problems with your thyroid,
· an anxiety disorder,
· epilepsy or another seizure disorder, or
· diabetes.
• You may not be able to take Bontril, or you may require a lower dose or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions listed above.
• It is not known whether Bontril will harm an unborn baby. Do not take Bontril without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant.
• It is also not known whether Bontril passes into breast milk. Do not take Bontril without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby.
How should I take Bontril?
• Take Bontril exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these directions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
• Take each dose with a full glass of water.
• Bontril is usually taken once a day (sustained release formula) or two to three times daily (immediate-release formula) before meals on an empty stomach.
• Do not take Bontril in the evening because it may cause insomnia.
• Do not crush, chew, or open any "once-daily" phendimetrazine tablets or capsules. Swallow them whole.
• Never take more of this medication than is prescribed for you. Too much Bontril could be very dangerous to your health.
• Store Bontril at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
What happens if I miss a dose?
• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. However, if it is almost time for your next dose or if it is already evening, skip the missed dose and take only your next regularly scheduled dose. A dose taken too late in the day will cause insomnia. Do not take a double dose of this medication.
What happens if I overdose?
• Seek emergency medical attention.
• Symptoms of a Bontril overdose include restlessness, tremor, rapid breathing, confusion, hallucinations, panic, aggressiveness, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, an irregular heartbeat, and seizures.
What should I avoid while taking Bontril?
• Use caution when driving, operating machinery, or performing other hazardous activities. Bontril may cause dizziness, blurred vision, or restlessness, and it may hide the symptoms of extreme tiredness. If you experience these effects, avoid hazardous activities.
• Do not take Bontril late in the day. A dose taken too late in the day can cause insomnia.
What are the possible side effects of Bontril?
• If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking Bontril and seek emergency medical attention:
· an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives);
· an irregular heartbeat or very high blood pressure (severe headache, blurred vision); or
· hallucinations, abnormal behavior, or confusion.
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take Bontril and talk to your doctor if you experience
· restlessness or tremor,
· nervousness or anxiety,
· headache or dizziness,
· insomnia,
· dry mouth or an unpleasant taste in your mouth,
· diarrhea or constipation, or
· impotence or changes in your sex drive.
• Bontril is habit forming. You can become physically and psychologically dependent on this medication, and withdrawal effects may occur if you stop taking it suddenly after several weeks of continuous use. Talk to your doctor about stopping this medication gradually.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.
What other drugs will affect Bontril?
• You cannot take Bontril if you have taken a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) such as isocarboxazid (Marplan), tranylcypromine (Parnate), or phenelzine (Nardil) in the last 14 days.
• Changes in insulin and other diabetes drug therapies may be necessary during treatment with Bontril.
• Bontril may reduce the effects of guanethidine (Ismelin). This could lead to an increase in blood pressure. Tell your doctor if you are taking guanethidine.
• Before taking this medication, tell your doctor if you are taking a tricyclic antidepressant such as amitriptyline (Elavil), amoxapine (Asendin), doxepin (Sinequan), nortriptyline (Pamelor), imipramine (Tofranil), clomipramine (Anafranil), protriptyline (Vivactil), or desipramine (Norpramin). These drugs may decrease the effects of Bontril.
• Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with Bontril. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines.
Where can I get more information?
• Your pharmacist has more information about Bontril written for health professionals that you may read.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
• Remember, keep this and all other medicines out of the reach of children, never share your medicines with others, and use this medication only for the indication prescribed
• Every effort has been made to ensure that the information provided by Cerner Multum, Inc. ('Multum') is accurate, up-to-date, and complete, but no guarantee is made to that effect. Drug information contained herein may be time sensitive. Multum information has been compiled for use by healthcare practitioners and consumers in the United States and therefore Multum does not warrant that uses outside of the United States are appropriate, unless specifically indicated otherwise. Multum's drug information does not endorse drugs, diagnose patients or recommend therapy. Multum's drug information is an informational resource designed to assist licensed healthcare practitioners in caring for their patients and/or to serve consumers viewing this service as a supplement to, and not a substitute for, the expertise, skill, knowledge and judgment of healthcare practitioners. The absence of a warning for a given drug or drug combination in no way should be construed to indicate that the drug or drug combination is safe, effective or appropriate for any given patient. Multum does not assume any responsibility for any aspect of healthcare administered with the aid of information Multum provides. The information contained herein is not intended to cover all possible uses, directions, precautions, warnings, drug interactions, allergic reactions, or adverse effects. If you have questions about the drugs you are taking, check with your doctor, nurse or pharmacist.
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Product description: Bontril is the brand name of Phendimetrazine, produced by Carnrick Laboratories Inc. Bontril is an appetite suppressant and central nervous system stimulant. It stimulates the satiety (feeling of fullness) centre in the hypothalamus and limbic regions of the brain. Bontril must be used in combination with a low calorie diet, behaviour modification and regular exercise. Appetite suppressants are not a substitute for proper diet. If any weight is lost using Bontril, our research shows that it is usually regained shortly after the patient discontinues the medication.
Side effects: Bontril has caused different side effects like restlessness, anxiety, dizziness, headache, insomnia, diarrhea, dry mouth and changes in the patients sex drive, allergic reactions (difficulty breathing, closing of the throat, swelling of lips or tongue), hallucinations, extreme hypertension, chest pain, pounding heart and difficulty urinating. Bontril can also be habit forming. You can become physically and psychologically dependent on this medication, and withdrawal effects may occur if you stop taking it.
The Weight Loss Institute is not recommending Bontril due to the reported side effects. This product is not sold by the
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IMPORTANT NOTE: The following information is intended to supplement, not substitute for, the expertise and judgment of your physician, pharmacist or other healthcare professional. It should not be construed to indicate that use of the drug is safe, appropriate, or effective for you. Consult your healthcare professional before using this drug.
APPETITE SUPPRESSANTS - ORAL
COMMON BRAND NAME(S): Fastin, Ionamin, Plegine, Prelu-2, Sanorex, Tenuate
USES: This medication is used in combination with a diet plan to help you reduce weight.
HOW TO USE: This medication is best taken on an empty stomach one hour before meals. Sustained-release or long acting products must be swallowed whole. Crushing or chewing them will destroy the long action and may cause increased side effects. Because this medication may cause sleeplessness, avoid taking a dose late in the day. Take this medication as prescribed. Do not take it more often or longer than directed. It is usually taken for 8 to 12 weeks. Use in combination with other appetite suppressant medicine is generally not recommended. Consult your doctor before such use.
SIDE EFFECTS: Blurred vision, dizziness, dry mouth, sleeplessness, irritability, stomach upset or constipation may occur the first few days as your body adjusts to the medication. If these effects persist or become bothersome, inform your doctor. Notify your doctor if you experience: chest pain, nervousness, pounding heart, difficulty urinating, mood changes, breathing difficulties, swelling. If this medication makes you dizzy or lightheaded, avoid driving or engaging in activities requiring alertness. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
PRECAUTIONS: Tell your doctor your complete medical history, especially if you have: high blood pressure, an over-active thyroid, glaucoma, diabetes, emotional problems. This medication can be habit forming and must be used with caution. Alcohol can increase unwanted side effects of dizziness. Limit alcohol use. This drug is not recommended for use in children. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for further information. This medication should be used only when clearly needed during pregnancy. Discuss the risk and benefits with your doctor. This drug may be excreted into breast milk. You may have to stop nursing or stop using this drug. Consult your doctor before breast-feeding.
DRUG INTERACTIONS: Inform your doctor about all the medicines you use, (prescription and nonprescription) especially if you take: high blood pressure medicine, MAO inhibitors (e.g., furazolidone, linezolid, phenelzine, selegiline, tranylcypromine), any other weight loss medicine. Avoid "stimulant" drugs that may increase your heart rate such as decongestants or caffeine. Decongestants are commonly found in over-the-counter cough-and-cold medicines. Do not start or stop any medicine without doctor or pharmacist approval.
OVERDOSE: If overdose is suspected, contact your local poison control center or emergency room immediately. Symptoms of overdose may include restlessness, fever, fast breathing, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, panic or paranoid, drowsiness, convulsions, unconsciousness, unusually fast or slow heart beat, headache, nausea/vomiting, diarrhea, stomach pain, pale or flushing, chest pain, sweating, muscle weakness, agitation, large pupils, or delusions.
NOTES: Appetite suppressants are not a substitute for proper diet. For maximum effects, this must be used in conjunction with a diet and exercise program. Do not share this medication with others.
MISSED DOSE: If you miss a dose, do not double the next dose. Instead, skip the missed dose and resume your usual dosing schedule.
STORAGE: Store at room temperature away from sunlight and moisture. Do not store in the bathroom.
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Phendimetrazine (Bontril®) is a weight loss medication. Phendimetrazine is chemically related to amphetamines and is a Schedule III drug under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances. In the United States, phendimetrazine is a Schedule III controlled substance under the Uniform Controlled Substances Act of 1970.
Approximately 30% of a given dose of phendimetrazine is metabolized into phenmetrazine, which may account for part of its anorectic effect, and probably also influences abuse potential; individuals who metabolise a greater proportion of phendimetrazine into phenmetrazine are more likely to develop problems with dependence and addiction.
External links
List of psychotropic substances under international control
This entry is from Wikipedia, the leading user-contributed encyclopedia. It may not have been reviewed by professional editors (see full disclaimer)
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Just one CELEBREX can provide 24-hour, all day and all night relief. CELEBREX is approved to treat the joint pain, stiffness, and swelling of osteoarthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis. And CELEBREX was designed to target the source of joint pain. CELEBREX is one of the most studied arthritis medicines on the market. But CELEBREX, like all medicines, has both benefits and risks. That's why it's so important to talk to your doctor about all of your pain relief options. Your doctor may also suggest that you try other treatments. You may not be getting all the relief you need. Ask your doctor if prescription CELEBREX is right for your pain.
CELEBREX was approved by the FDA in 1998 and has been prescribed for over 30 million people in the U.S.* Just one prescription CELEBREX provides 24-hour, all day and all night relief from the pain, swelling, and stiffness of arthritis.
What is CELEBREX?
CELEBREX is a prescription medicine for:
Relief of the joint pain, swelling, and stiffness of osteoarthritis (OA). OA is a type of arthritis caused by wear and tear on bones and joints
Relief of the joint pain, swelling, and stiffness of adult rheumatoid arthritis (RA). RA is an autoimmune disease that attacks healthy joint tissue, starting a process of inflammation and joint damage
Management of acute pain in adults (such as pain from strains and sprains) or pain after surgery
Treatment of primary dysmenorrhea (painful menstrual cramps)
Relief of signs and symptoms of ankylosing spondylitis, a painful form of arthritis that primarily affects the spine. Ankylosing spondylitis usually strikes young adults. It can cause inflammation, pain and stiffness in the shoulders, knees, hips, ribs, and feet
What makes CELEBREX different?
CELEBREX works to relieve arthritis pain by targeting a certain enzyme in the body. An enzyme is a protein that causes chemical changes in other substances in the body. The enzyme that CELEBREX targets is called COX-2. The COX-2 enzyme plays a key role in causing both pain and inflammation.
The body also makes an enzyme called COX-1. This enzyme helps protect the lining of the stomach. Most pain relievers work by blocking the actions of both COX-1 and COX-2.
CELEBREX is different because, when taken at suggested doses, it targets the COX-2 enzyme, but not the COX-1. For this reason, doctors refer to CELEBREX as a COX-2–specific inhibitor.
CELEBREX works to relieve arthritis pain by targeting a certain enzyme in the body. An enzyme is a protein that causes chemical changes in other substances in the body. The enzyme that CELEBREX targets is called COX-2. The COX-2 enzyme plays a key role in causing both pain and inflammation.
The body also makes an enzyme called COX-1. This enzyme helps protect the lining of the stomach. Most pain relievers work by blocking the actions of both COX-1 and COX-2.
CELEBREX is different because, when taken at suggested doses, it targets the COX-2 enzyme, but not the COX-1. For this reason, doctors refer to CELEBREX as a COX-2–
What are the most common side effects of CELEBREX?
All medicines have possible side effects. Although CELEBREX is usually well-tolerated, in clinical trials some common side effects were indigestion, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. In studies, the percentage of patients who stopped taking CELEBREX due to side effects was similar to the percentage of patients who were taking a placebo (a sugar pill) and stopped because of side effects.
Are there other side effects?
CELEBREX may increase the chance of serious heart problems, such as heart attacks or strokes, which can lead to death. Serious skin reactions or stomach and intestine problems, such as bleeding and ulcers, can occur without warning and may cause death. As always, patients should discuss their individual health history with their doctors to understand these risks.
There is no cure for arthritis. But, you can treat your symptoms with CELEBREX. Just one prescription CELEBREX provides 24-hour, all day and all night relief from the pain, swelling, and stiffness of osteoarthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis. It's important to know that no medicine can get rid of all symptoms for all people. Each person responds differently to medications.
Will CELEBREX cure my arthritis?
There is no cure for arthritis. However, CELEBREX can help reduce the pain, inflammation, and stiffness of osteoarthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. As is true of any medicine, not all people will experience the same results from taking CELEBREX. To get the best results, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions, and let your doctor know if you feel CELEBREX is working for you.
Improving treatment success
One of the most important things you can do to improve your treatment results is to give your prescribed medicine time to work. Ask your doctor how long it will take your medication to deliver optimal pain relief, and take as directed until your follow-up appointment. Recording your pain and stiffness levels in a journal can be an excellent way to help your doctor assess how well your treatment is working. You can also improve your treatment results by changing your diet and exercise routine. Talk with your doctor before starting any exercise plan or making changes to your treatment regimen. To get the best results from your treatment, be sure to follow your doctor's instructions and let him or her know how CELEBREX is working for your pain.
For more information, please see full Prescribing Information.
CELEBREX makes it easy for your doctor to customize your treatment to fit your individual treatment needs. For most people, just one prescription CELEBREX works hard to provide 24-hour, all day and all night relief from your arthritis pain and can be taken as needed for relief from acute pain. It targets the pain, inflammation, and stiffness that's part of arthritis. CELEBREX is available in 100-mg and 200-mg capsules. CELEBREX is also available in a 400-mg capsule. Your doctor will find the dosage that's right for your pain. CELEBREX should always be taken exactly as your doctor has prescribed. Taking CELEBREX on a regular basis will help it work better against your arthritis pain.
When to take CELEBREX
CELEBREX can be taken with or without food at any time of the day. You may find that if you take it at the same time every day, you'll be less likely to skip a dose by mistake. If you do forget to take a dose, don't double up. Taking too much of any medication at one time can present a health risk. Wait and take it at your next regularly scheduled time. If you have questions, be sure to call your doctor. It's important to take the time to talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how you should take CELEBREX
CELEBREX makes it easy for your doctor to customize your treatment to fit your individual treatment needs. For most people, just one prescription CELEBREX works hard to provide 24-hour, all day and all night relief from your arthritis pain and can be taken as needed for relief from acute pain. It targets the pain, inflammation, and stiffness that's part of arthritis. CELEBREX is available in 100-mg and 200-mg capsules. CELEBREX is also available in a 400-mg capsule. Your doctor will find the dosage that's right for your pain. CELEBREX should always be taken exactly as your doctor has prescribed. Taking CELEBREX on a regular basis will help it work better against your arthritis pain.
When to take CELEBREX
CELEBREX can be taken with or without food at any time of the day. You may find that if you take it at the same time every day, you'll be less likely to skip a dose by mistake. If you do forget to take a dose, don't double up. Taking too much of any medication at one time can present a health risk. Wait and take it at your next regularly scheduled time. If you have questions, be sure to call your doctor. It's important to take the time to talk with your doctor or pharmacist about how you should take CELEBREX
CELEBREX can be taken by adults suffering from arthritis pain, inflammation, and stiffness. It can also be taken for relief from acute pain. Some examples of acute pain include pain from strains and sprains or pain after surgery. Sometimes CELEBREX is prescribed to relieve painful menstrual cramps.
What if I'm pregnant or nursing?
No studies of CELEBREX in pregnant women have been performed. CELEBREX should be used during pregnancy only if you and your doctor decide that the potential benefit justifies the potential risk to the fetus. Women in the third trimester of pregnancy should not take CELEBREX. The effects of CELEBREX on labor and delivery in pregnant women are unknown.
You should not take CELEBREX if you are breast-feeding because CELEBREX is passed through human milk. Limited data from one subject indicates that CELEBREX is also passed through human milk. Because many drugs are passed through human milk, a decision should be made whether to stop nursing or to stop taking CELEBREX.
Who should not take CELEBREX?
You should not take CELEBREX if you:
Have had allergic reactions to certain drugs called sulfonamides
Have experienced asthma, hives, or allergic reactions after taking aspirin or other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
Are in late pregnancy
Are breast-feeding
Are having or have recently had a certain kind of heart surgery called coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
The word arthritis means "joint inflammation." When joints are inflamed, it causes pain. For many people, arthritis pain has a large impact on their life.
There are a lot of things that can impact the intensity of arthritis pain. Pain is often affected by physical and emotional factors like depression, activity levels, and stress. Because pain is stressful, it may create a vicious cycle with an ever-widening impact.
Why is pain important?
Pain is important. It lets us know when something is wrong. Pain is our body's warning that lets us know that we have an injury. We have nerves that take signals from an injury to the brain. The signals are read and our brain tells us to get away from danger. Pain can come from an injury with a clear cause such as a cut or a burn. It can also come from a source that's hard to pinpoint. Doctors are just now starting to realize the full impact that pain can have on overall health. When pain is ignored, it can lead to serious health problems.
Managing your pain
While there is not yet a cure for arthritis, much can be done today to reduce pain and boost joint function. Learning how to manage pain over the long term is essential to maintaining a good quality of life. The most important thing you can do to overcome arthritis is to become an active participant in managing your pain. Talk to your doctor about the pain you are feeling. Together you can find the best treatment plan for you.
Patient Information Sheet
Celecoxib (marketed as Celebrex)
This is a summary of the most important information about Celebrex. For details, talk to your healthcare provider.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
FDA ALERT-[4/7/2005]: Celebrex has been linked to an increased risk of serious cardiovascular (CV) events (such as heart attack or stroke) which appears to be a risk shared by all medicines called non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (excluding aspirin). FDA has requested that the package insert (labeling) for all NSAIDs, including Celebrex, be revised to include a “boxed” or serious warning to highlight the potential increased risk of CV events, and the well known risk of serious, and potentially life-threatening, stomach bleeding. FDA has also requested that the package insert for all NSAIDs be revised to state that patients who have just had heart surgery should not take these medicines.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
What is Celebrex?
Celebrex is used to:
relieve symptoms of osteoarthritis (the arthritis caused by age-related “wear and tear” on bones and joints)
relieve symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis in adults
manage acute pain in adults (like the short term pain you can get after a dental or surgical operation)
treat painful menstrual cycles
reduce the number of colon and rectum growths (colorectal polyps) in patients with a disease called Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP). FAP is an inherited disease in which the rectum and colon are covered with many polyps. Celebrex is used along with the usual care for FAP patients such as surgery and exams of the rectum and colon.
Who Should Not Take Celebrex?
Do not take Celebrex if you:
have had an allergic-type reaction to sulfa medicines.
have had asthma, hives or allergic-type reactions after taking aspirin or other NSAID (nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) medicines. If you have asthma, you may have aspirin-sensitive asthma. If an aspirin-sensitive asthmatic takes aspirin it can cause severe narrowing of the airway (bronchospasm), and even death. Since this type of reaction also has occurred after taking NSAIDs Celebrex should not be given to aspirin-sensitive patients.
Some examples of NSAIDs are ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil), naproxen (Naprosyn, Aleve), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam), and ketoprofen (Orudis). You can ask your doctor or pharmacist for a complete list of these medications.
are pregnant, especially during your last 3 months
What are The Risks?
Celebrex and other NSAID medicines can cause serious problems such as:
Stomach ulcers that bleed. The chance of this serious problem increases the longer you take Celebrex, but it can also happen suddenly. Stop taking Celebrex and call your healthcare professional right away if you get a burning stomach pain, black bowel movements that look like tar, or vomit that looks like blood or coffee grounds.
Liver damage. Some of the warning signs of liver damage are nausea, vomiting, tiredness, loss of appetite, itching, yellow coloring of skin or eyes, “flu-like” symptoms and dark urine. If this happens, stop taking Celebrex and call your healthcare professional right away.
Kidney problems that include sudden kidney failure or worsening of kidney problems that you already have.
Fluid retention (holding of water in your body) and swelling. Fluid retention can be a serious problem if you have high blood pressure or heart failure.
In addition to the serious side effects listed above, some common, but less serious side effects with Celebrex may include:
headache
indigestion
upper respiratory tract infection (a "cold")
diarrhea
sinus inflammation
stomach pain
nausea
What Should I Tell My Healthcare Professional?
Tell your healthcare professional if you:
have heart problems or high blood pressure
have liver or kidney problems
have or had stomach ulcers or stomach bleeding
have asthma
are allergic to aspirin or other NSAID medicines
are trying to become pregnant, are already pregnant, or are breast-feeding
Are There Any Interactions With Drugs or Foods?
Tell your healthcare professional about all the medicines you take, including prescription and non-prescription medicines, vitamins, and herbal supplements. Some medicines may affect how Celebrex works or Celebrex may affect how your other medicines work. Your healthcare professional may have to adjust your dose or watch you closely if you take any of the following medications:
certain blood pressure medicines called ACE inhibitors
furosemide
fluconazole or ketoconazole
phenytoin
warfarin
aspirin
Celebrex
This page contains drug information on Celebrex.
The information provided includes the following:
what is Celebrex
the possible side effects of Celebrex
what happens if you miss a dose of Celebrex
what happens if you overdose with Celebrex
the most important information about Celebrex
how to use Celebrex
other drugs that may affect Celebrex
what to avoid while using Celebrex
Generic Name: celecoxib (oral) (seh leh COCK sib)
Brand Names: Celebrex
What is the most important information I should know about celecoxib?
• Recent information suggests a possible increased risk for heart attack and stroke in patients taking celecoxib. The relevance of this information is still not known. Ask your doctor if celecoxib is right for you.
• Do not take celecoxib without first talking to your doctor if you have experienced asthma, hives, or an allergic reaction after taking a sulfa-based medication such as sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Gantanol, and others) or sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin); aspirin; or another NSAID such as valdecoxib (Bextra), ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, and others), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox), ketoprofen (Orudis KT, Orudis, Oruvail), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam), diflunisal (Dolobid), etodolac (Lodine, Lodine XL), fenoprofen (Nalfon), flurbiprofen (Ansaid), indomethacin (Indocin), ketorolac (Toradol), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone (Relafen), oxaprozin (Daypro), piroxicam (Feldene), sulindac (Clinoril), or tolmetin (Tolectin). You may experience a similar reaction to celecoxib.
• Notify your doctor immediately if you develop abdominal pain, tenderness, or discomfort; nausea; bloody vomit; bloody, black, or tarry stools; unexplained weight gain; swelling or water retention; fatigue or lethargy; a skin rash; itching; yellowing of the skin or eyes;"flu-like" symptoms; or unusual bruising or bleeding. These symptoms could be early signs of dangerous side effects.
What is celecoxib?
• Celecoxib is in a class of drugs called nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Celecoxib works by reducing substances that cause inflammation, pain, and fever in the body.
• Celecoxib is used to reduce pain, inflammation, and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis. Celecoxib is also used to reduce the number of adenomatous colorectal polyps in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP), to treat acute pain, and to treat pain associated with menstruation.
• Celecoxib may also be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide.
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before taking celecoxib?
• Recent information suggests a possible increased risk for heart attack and stroke in patients taking celecoxib. The relevance of this information is still not known. Ask your doctor if celecoxib is right for you.
• Do not take celecoxib without first talking to your doctor if you have experienced asthma, hives, or an allergic reaction after taking a sulfa-based medication such as sulfamethoxazole (Bactrim, Septra, Gantanol, and others) or sulfisoxazole (Gantrisin); aspirin; or another NSAID such as valdecoxib (Bextra), ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil, Nuprin, and others), naproxen (Aleve, Naprosyn, Anaprox), ketoprofen (Orudis KT, Orudis, Oruvail), diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam), diflunisal (Dolobid), etodolac (Lodine, Lodine XL), fenoprofen (Nalfon), flurbiprofen (Ansaid), indomethacin (Indocin), ketorolac (Toradol), meloxicam (Mobic), nabumetone (Relafen), oxaprozin (Daypro), piroxicam (Feldene), sulindac (Clinoril), or tolmetin (Tolectin). You may experience a similar reaction to celecoxib.
• Before taking celecoxib, tell your doctor if you
· smoke;
· drink alcohol;
· have an ulcer or bleeding in the stomach;
· have liver disease;
· have kidney disease;
· have coronary artery disease (CAD);
· have arteriosclerotic disease (hardening of the arteries, clogged or blocked arteries);
· have asthma;
· have congestive heart failure;
· have fluid retention;
· have heart disease;
· have high blood pressure;
· have a coagulation (bleeding) disorder or are taking an anticoagulant (blood thinner) such as warfarin (Coumadin); or
· are taking a steroid medicine such as prednisone (Deltasone and others), methylprednisolone (Medrol and others), prednisolone (Prelone, Pediapred, and others), and others.
• You may not be able to take celecoxib, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you have any of the conditions, or are taking any of the medicines, listed above.
• Celecoxib is in the FDA pregnancy category C. This means that it is not known whether it will harm an unborn baby. Celecoxib should not be taken late in pregnancy (the third trimester) because it may affect the formation of the baby's heart. Do not take celecoxib without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant.
• It is not known whether celecoxib passes into breast milk. Do not take celecoxib without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding.
• If you are over the age of 65 years, you may be more likely to experience side effects from celecoxib. You may require a lower dosage or special monitoring during your therapy.
How should I take celecoxib?
• Take celecoxib exactly as directed by your doctor. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
• Take each dose with a full glass of water.
• Celecoxib can be taken with or without food or milk. Follow your doctor's instructions.
• Your doctor may want you to have blood tests or other medical evaluations during treatment with celecoxib to monitor progress and side effects.
• Store celecoxib at room temperature away from moisture and heat.
What happens if I miss a dose?
• Take the missed dose as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next dose, skip the dose you missed and take only the next regularly scheduled dose as directed. Do not take a double dose of this medication unless your doctor directs otherwise.
What happens if I overdose?
• Seek emergency medical attention.
• Symptoms of a celecoxib overdose include drowsiness, nausea, vomiting, stomach pain, dizziness, headache, ringing in the ears, blurred vision, little or no urine production, slow breathing, and coma.
What should I avoid while taking celecoxib?
• There are no restrictions on food, beverages, or activity while taking celecoxib unless otherwise directed by your doctor.
What are the possible side effects of celecoxib?
• Notify your doctor immediately if you develop abdominal pain, tenderness, or discomfort; nausea; bloody vomit; bloody, black, or tarry stools; unexplained weight gain; swelling or water retention; fatigue or lethargy; a skin rash; itching; yellowing of the skin or eyes;"flu-like" symptoms; or unusual bruising or bleeding. These symptoms could be early signs of dangerous side effects.
• If you experience any of the following serious side effects, stop taking celecoxib and seek medical treatment or call your doctor immediately:
· an allergic reaction (difficulty breathing; closing of your throat; swelling of your lips, tongue, or face; or hives);
• Other, less serious side effects may be more likely to occur. Continue to take celecoxib and talk to your doctor if you experience
· flatulence or diarrhea;
· dizziness;
· headache; or
· insomnia.
• Side effects other than those listed here may also occur. Talk to your doctor about any side effect that seems unusual or that is especially bothersome.
What other drugs will affect celecoxib?
• Before taking celecoxib, tell your doctor if you are taking any of the following drugs:
· aspirin or another salicylate (form of aspirin) such as salsalate (Disalcid), choline salicylate-magnesium salicylate (Trilisate, Tricosal, others), and magnesium salicylate (Doan's, Bayer Select Backache Formula, others);
· an over-the-counter cough, cold, allergy, or pain medicine that contains aspirin, ibuprofen, naproxen, or ketoprofen;
· a diuretic (water pill) such as furosemide (Lasix), hydrochlorothiazide (HydroDiuril, others), chlorothiazide (Diuril, others), chlorthalidone (Hygroton, Thalitone), and others;
· an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor (ACE inhibitor) such as benazepril (Lotensin), captopril (Capoten), enalapril (Vasotec), lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril), moexipril (Univasc), quinapril (Accupril), and others;
· a steroid medicine such as prednisone (Deltasone and others), methylprednisolone (Medrol and others), prednisolone (Prelone, Pediapred, and others), and others;
· an anticoagulant (blood thinner) such as warfarin (Coumadin);
· lithium (Eskalith, Lithobid, others); or
· fluconazole (Diflucan).
• You may not be able to take celecoxib, or you may require a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during treatment if you are taking any of the medicines listed above.
• Drugs other than those listed here may also interact with celecoxib. Talk to your doctor and pharmacist before taking any prescription or over-the-counter medicines including vitamins, minerals, and herbal products.
Where can I get more information?
• Your pharmacist has additional information about celecoxib written for health professionals that you may read.
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FDA warns of Celebrex side effects - doubles the chances of heart attacks and strokes
Celebrex side effects include the increased risk of heart problems among those taking it in high doses. Pfizer announced its finding on Friday, Dec. 17, 2004.
The National Cancer Institute discovered that patients taking 400mg to 800mg of Celebrex daily had a 2.5 times greater risk of experiencing major side effects, such as heart problems, than those who were taking the placebo or sugar pill..
While Pfizer has no plans to pull Celebrex from the market at this time; the FDA said that it was considering requiring warning labels for Celebrex or withdrawing the pain killer from the U.S. market.
Celebrex, in the same class of pain killers as Florida Vioxx and Bextra, is the most-prescribed drug for treating arthritis. In the first 9 months of 2004, worldwide sales of Celebrex had reached $2.29 billion.
Our South Florida law firm wants to help you to fully understand your legal rights. If you, or someone you care about, have suffered a heart attack or stroke after taking Celebrex and need legal help, experience counts.
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Adverse reactions to prescription or over the counter drugs?
If you, or someone you care about, have suffered adverse reactions as a result of taking celebrex, you can contact our law firm for a free and confidential consultation of your claim by:
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Our law firm will evaluate your claim free of charge and advise you on your legal rights to collect compensation.
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Celebrex ( generic name Celecoxib ) side effects are serious and sometimes fatal. Although Celebrex side effects have not been studied as intensively as those associated with Vioxx, many experts believe they are identical to those associated with Vioxx, since both drugs are classified as Cox-2 inhibitors. There are 3 drugs on the market that are classified as Cox-2 inhibitors: Celebrex, Vioxx, and Bextra. In addition to Celebrex side effects relating to heart attack and stroke ( as reported among users of Vioxx ), there are some other risks specifically reported early in the drug’s arrival on the market.
If you or a loved one have taken Celebrex and experienced serious side effects contact the Celebrex lawyers of Ennis & Ennis, P.A. today and find out if you qualify for a Celebrex Lawsuit. Free Celebrex Side Effects Case Evaluation.
When Celebrex was first released, Celebrex side effects were the subject of a Wall Street Journal article that linked ten deaths to Celebrex within the first three months of approval. Of the ten deaths related to harmful effects of Celebrex, half were due to gastrointestinal hemorrhage. There were another eleven reported non-lethal cases specifically mentioning gastrointestinal hemorrhage. The other deaths that were potentially a result of Celebrex side effects included heart attacks, kidney problems, and drug interaction. Although the FDA never declared that Celebrex side effects were directly responsible for these deaths, the FDA is now considering a requirement to mention Celebrex side effects specifically related to cardiovascular problems on a Celebrex warning label. There are experts that believe a Celebrex warning label is not enough and that a Celebrex recall should be issued. See Celebrex package insert.
Patients who feel at risk of Celebrex side effects should talk to a doctor— never stop a prescription without consulting a physician. If Celebrex has adversely affected yourself or a loved one, you may wish to consult an Celebrex attorney. Celebrex side effects can be serious—even deadly—and may require costly additional care. A Celebrex lawyer may be able to help you make the right decisions to protect yourself and your family.
If you or a loved one have taken Celebrex and have been injured by an heart attack, stroke, blood clot, deep vein thrombosis (DVT), or now have arrhythmia, or are concerned about a possible Celebrex Recall contact the Celebrex Attorneys of Ennis & Ennis, P.A. today and find out if you qualify for a Celebrex Lawsuit. Free Case Evaluation.
What is Celebrex ( Celecoxib )?
Celebrex is a medicine that is prescribed to provide temporary relief of the pain associated with inflammation, and stiffness of osteoarthritis and adult rheumatoid arthritis. It is also used to relieve pain from menstrual cramping ( primary dysmenorrhea ).
Like Vioxx ( Merck issued a Vioxx recall in September 2004 & Pfizer issued a Bextra recall in April of 2005) it is a class of drug called a COX-2 inhibitor ( Celebrex, Vioxx, & Bextra are all COX-2 inhibitors ). Celebrex along with other COX-2 inhibitors such as Vioxx ( Merck ) and Bextra ( Pfizer ) work by blocking an enzyme called COX-2 which is produced by the body. COX-2 is known to play a major role in causing arthritis pain and inflammation. By targeting the COX-2 enzyme it ( along with Vioxx and Bextra ) can relieve the pain, stiffness, and inflammation associated with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis. Because Celebrex, Vioxx and Bextra are all part of the same class many think there should also be a Celebrex recall.
Celebrex (Generic: Celecoxib) is a COX-2 inhibitor, a class of drugs linked to an increased risk of blood clots, heart attacks and strokes. Celebrex is the only COX-2 inhibitor still on the market in the United States. Celebrex and the recently withdrawn Bextra are both marketed by the Pharmacia Corporation and Pfizer Inc. in the United States. Celebrex and the other COX-2 inhibitors are prescribed for the treatment of osteoarthritis, adult rheumatoid arthritis, and the pain associated with menstrual cramping.
In February 2005, the FDA asked advisory committees to examine the COX-2 inhibitors and to determine whether they offer enough benefits to stay on the market, whether they need stronger warnings, and what further research on the drugs is needed. The advisers met from February 16, 2005 through February 18, 2005. Studies "strongly suggest" the entire class of drugs called COX-2 inhibitors elevates the chances of cardiovascular problems, Dr. Ned Braunstein, senior director of Merck Research Laboratories told the panel of FDA advisers.The hearings concluded and both Celebrex and Bextra were allowed to stay on the market. However, on April 7 the FDA asked Pfizer to withdraw Bextra from the market, citing reports of cardiovascular events and allergic skin reactions. When Pfizer agreed to suspend sales of Bextra, Celebrex became the last COX-2 inhibitor to remain on the market.
A study from the Cleveland Clinic appeared in the Journal of the American Medical Association and was based on an analysis of previous clinical trials. In a study of more than 8,000 patients that compared the COX-2 inhibitor rofecoxib (Vioxx) with the traditional NSAID naproxen, the risk of cardiovascular problems, including heart attack, chest pain related to heart disease, stroke, sudden death and blood clots, was more than two times higher in the rofecoxib group than in the naproxen group. Merck voluntarily withdrew Vioxx in September 2004 after a study found that the drug doubled the risk of heart attack and stroke in patients who took it for at least 18 months. Following the Vioxx recall, questions arose about Celebrex, Bextra, and non-prescription pain relievers such as Naproxen (Aleve).
Dr. Garret Fitzgerald, a top scientist and COX-2 researcher at the University of Pennsylvania, told the US regulatory panel that all pain drugs in the class known as COX-2 inhibitors increase the risk of heart attacks and strokes. Dr. Fitzgerald has said that the body reacts in the same way to drugs including Merck's Vioxx and Pfizer's Celebrex and Bextra. Dr. Fitzgerald said the drugs create an imbalance in the body's cardiovascular system that leads to an increased risk of heart attacks and strokes.
The annual rates of heart attack in both the Celebrex (celecoxib) and Vioxx (rofecoxib) studies were increased compared to a review of studies containing a total of more than 48,000 patients. In those studies, 0.52% of patients taking an inactive placebo pill had a heart attack each year. The annual rate of heart attack was 0.74% for patients taking rofecoxib and 0.80% for those taking celecoxib.
On March 1, 2006, a group of researchers in New Zealand said that a reanalysis of older studies conducted on Pfizer's pain reliever Celebrex show the drug can raise the risk of suffering a heart attack. Researchers from New Zealand's Medical Research Institute in Wellington said that the analysis, which used data from past Celebrex clinical trials, showed the drug could nearly double the risk of heart attack in patients, according to local reports.
The analysis utilized data from six studies on Celebrex involving 12,780 users. The results were published in the Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine.
Pfizer has said it expects 2006 sales of Celebrex to be in excess of $2 billion.
If you or a loved one took Celebrex and suffered side effects, please fill out the form at the right for a free lawsuit case evaluation by a qualified drug side effects attorney.
Analysis Clarifies Cox-2 Heart RiskJun 1, 2006 | Analysis Clarifies Cox-2 Heart Risk
A new analysis shows that some popular nonsteroidal pain killers are just as likely to increase the risk of heart attacks as the Cox-2 inhibitors, two of which were removed from the market. Researchers described the risk as “modest” for people who do not already have heart or vascular...
Merck's Worst Nightmare, a Study that Shows Vioxx Heart Attack Risk Linked...May 3, 2006 | Merck's Worst Nightmare, a Study that Shows Vioxx Heart Attack Risk Linked to (Very) Short-Term Use
Throughout the Vioxx saga, Merck has always taken refuge behind its assertion that short-term use of the COX-2 inhibitor cannot be linked to an increased risk of heart attack or stroke. Merck itself, however, acknowledges long-term use of the drug does carry such an increased risk. In fact, the...
Study Finds Vioxx Dangers Occur Earlier Than ExpectedMay 3, 2006 | Study Finds Vioxx Dangers Occur Earlier Than Expected
Researchers report that heart risks from the withdrawn painkiller Vioxx occur much earlier than had been expectec. Twenty-five percent of heart attacks occurred within the first two weeks of use, a new study found. A new study led by Queen's University researcher Linda Levesque shows that...
Vioxx Study Mars MerckMay 3, 2006 | Vioxx Study Mars Merck
Canadian researchers say older people who took the Merck pain reliever Vioxx for the first time had an elevated risk of an initial heart attack within two weeks of taking the drug. The study's results, which contain a number of caveats, clash with Merck's assertion that Vioxx-takers had a...
Painkiller may double risk of heart attacksMar 1, 2006 | Painkiller may double risk of heart attacks
A drug used to treat thousands of patients in Britain for chronic pain in conditions such as arthritis has been linked with a doubling of the risk of heart attacks, according to a new study. The drug, Celebrex, is the third drug of its type to raise safety concerns.Vioxx was withdrawn by its makers...
Analysis: Celebrex ups heart-attack riskFeb 28, 2006 | Analysis: Celebrex ups heart-attack risk
A meta-analysis released Tuesday indicates Pfizer's Celebrex increases the risk of a heart attack by over two-fold and experts are calling for regulatory authorities to respond promptly to the new findings."It's an important finding that regulators need to consider in future prescriptions of...
CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY
Mechanism of Action: CELEBREX is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug that exhibits anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic activities in animal models. The mechanism of action of CELEBREX is believed to be due to inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, primarily via inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), and at therapeutic concentrations in humans, CELEBREX does not inhibit the cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) isoenzyme. In animal colon tumor models, celecoxib reduced the incidence and multiplicity of tumors.
Platelets
In clinical trials using normal volunteers, CELEBREX at single doses up to 800 mg and multiple doses of 600 mg twice daily for up to 7 days duration (higher than recommended therapeutic doses) had no effect on reduction of platelet aggregation or increase in bleeding time. Because of its lack of platelet effects, CELEBREX is not a substitute for aspirin for cardiovascular prophylaxis. It is not known if there are any effects of CELEBREX on platelets that may contribute to the increased risk of serious cardiovascular thrombotic adverse events associated with the use of CELEBREX.
Fluid Retention
Inhibition of PGE2 synthesis may lead to sodium and water retention through increased reabsorption in the renal medullary thick ascending loop of Henle and perhaps other segments of the distal nephron. In the collecting ducts, PGE2 appears to inhibit water reabsorption by counteracting the action of antidiuretic hormone.
Pharmacokinetics:
Absorption
Peak plasma levels of celecoxib occur approximately 3 hrs after an oral dose. Under fasting conditions, both peak plasma levels (C max ) and area under the curve (AUC) are roughly dose proportional up to 200 mg BID; at higher doses there are less than proportional increases in C max and AUC (see Food Effects ). Absolute bioavailability studies have not been conducted. With multiple dosing, steady state conditions are reached on or before Day 5.
The pharmacokinetic parameters of celecoxib in a group of healthy subjects are shown in Table 1.
Table 1
Summary of Single Dose (200 mg) Disposition Kinetics of Celecoxib in Healthy Subjects 1 Mean (%CV) PK Parameter Values
C max , ng/mL T max , hr Effective t 1/2 , hr V ss /F, L CL/F, L/hr
705 (38) 2.8 (37) 11.2 (31) 429 (34) 27.7 (28)
1 Subjects under fasting conditions (n=36, 19-52 yrs.)
Food Effects
When CELEBREX capsules were taken with a high fat meal, peak plasma levels were delayed for about 1 to 2 hours with an increase in total absorption (AUC) of 10% to 20%. Under fasting conditions, at doses above 200 mg, there is less than a proportional increase in C max and AUC, which is thought to be due to the low solubility of the drug in aqueous media. Coadministration of CELEBREX with an aluminum- and magnesium-containing antacid resulted in a reduction in plasma celecoxib concentrations with a decrease of 37% in C max and 10% in AUC. CELEBREX, at doses up to 200 mg BID can be administered without regard to timing of meals. Higher doses (400 mg BID) should be administered with food to improve absorption.
Distribution
In healthy subjects, celecoxib is highly protein bound (~97%) within the clinical dose range. In vitro studies indicate that celecoxib binds primarily to albumin and, to a lesser extent, (alpha) 1 -acid glycoprotein. The apparent volume of distribution at steady state (V ss /F) is approximately 400 L, suggesting extensive distribution into the tissues. Celecoxib is not preferentially bound to red blood cells.
Metabolism
Celecoxib metabolism is primarily mediated via cytochrome P450 2C9. Three metabolites, a primary alcohol, the corresponding carboxylic acid and its glucuronide conjugate, have been identified in human plasma. These metabolites are inactive as COX-1 or COX-2 inhibitors. Patients who are known or suspected to be P450 2C9 poor metabolizers based on a previous history should be administered celecoxib with caution as they may have abnormally high plasma levels due to reduced metabolic clearance.
Excretion
Celecoxib is eliminated predominantly by hepatic metabolism with little (<3%) unchanged drug recovered in the urine and feces. Following a single oral dose of radiolabeled drug, approximately 57% of the dose was excreted in the feces and 27% was excreted into the urine. The primary metabolite in both urine and feces was the carboxylic acid metabolite (73% of dose) with low amounts of the glucuronide also appearing in the urine. It appears that the low solubility of the drug prolongs the absorption process making terminal half-life (t 1/2 ) determinations more variable. The effective half-life is approximately 11 hours under fasted conditions. The apparent plasma clearance (CL/F) is about 500 mL/min.
Special Populations
Geriatric: At steady state, elderly subjects (over 65 years old) had a 40% higher C max and a 50% higher AUC compared to the young subjects. In elderly females, celecoxib C max and AUC are higher than those for elderly males, but these increases are predominantly due to lower body weight in elderly females. Dose adjustment in the elderly is not generally necessary. However, for patients of less than 50 kg in body weight, initiate therapy at the lowest recommended dose.
Pediatric: CELEBREX capsules have not been investigated in pediatric patients below 18 years of age.
Race:
Meta-analysis of pharmacokinetic studies has suggested an approximately 40% higher AUC of celecoxib in Blacks compared to Caucasians. The cause and clinical significance of this finding is unknown.
Hepatic Insufficiency: A pharmacokinetic study in subjects with mild (Child-Pugh Class A) and moderate (Child-Pugh Class B) hepatic impairment has shown that steady-state celecoxib AUC is increased about 40% and 180%, respectively, above that seen in healthy control subjects. Therefore, the daily recommended dose of CELEBREX capsules should be reduced by approximately 50% in patients with moderate (Child-Pugh Class B) hepatic impairment. Patients with severe hepatic impairment (Child-Pugh Class C) have not been studied. The use of CELEBREX in patients with severe hepatic impairment is not recommended (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ).
Renal Insufficiency: In a cross-study comparison, celecoxib AUC was approximately 40% lower in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (GFR 35-60 mL/min) than that seen in subjects with normal renal function. No significant relationship was found between GFR and celecoxib clearance. Patients with severe renal insufficiency have not been studied. Similar to other NSAIDs, CELEBREX is not recommended in patients with severe renal insufficiency (see WARNINGS - Advanced Renal Disease ).
Drug Interactions
Also see PRECAUTIONS - Drug Interactions .
General: Significant interactions may occur when celecoxib is administered together with drugs that inhibit P450 2C9. In vitro studies indicate that celecoxib is not an inhibitor of cytochrome P450 2C9, 2C19 or 3A4.
Clinical studies with celecoxib have identified potentially significant interactions with fluconazole and lithium. Experience with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) suggests the potential for interactions with furosemide and ACE inhibitors. The effects of celecoxib on the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of glyburide, ketoconazole, methotrexate, phenytoin, and tolbutamide have been studied in vivo and clinically important interactions have not been found.
CLINICAL STUDIES
Osteoarthritis (OA): CELEBREX has demonstrated significant reduction in joint pain compared to placebo. CELEBREX was evaluated for treatment of the signs and the symptoms of OA of the knee and hip in placebo- and active-controlled clinical trials of up to 12 weeks duration. In patients with OA, treatment with CELEBREX 100 mg BID or 200 mg QD resulted in improvement in WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities) osteoarthritis index, a composite of pain, stiffness, and functional measures in OA. In three 12-week studies of pain accompanying OA flare, CELEBREX doses of 100 mg BID and 200 mg BID provided significant reduction of pain within 24-48 hours of initiation of dosing. At doses of 100 mg BID or 200 mg BID the effectiveness of CELEBREX was shown to be similar to that of naproxen 500 mg BID. Doses of 200 mg BID provided no additional benefit above that seen with 100 mg BID. A total daily dose of 200 mg has been shown to be equally effective whether administered as 100 mg BID or 200 mg QD.
Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA): CELEBREX has demonstrated significant reduction in joint tenderness/pain and joint swelling compared to placebo. CELEBREX was evaluated for treatment of the signs and symptoms of RA in placebo- and active-controlled clinical trials of up to 24 weeks in duration. CELEBREX was shown to be superior to placebo in these studies, using the ACR20 Responder Index, a composite of clinical, laboratory, and functional measures in RA. CELEBREX doses of 100 mg BID and 200 mg BID were similar in effectiveness and both were comparable to naproxen 500 mg BID.
Although CELEBREX 100 mg BID and 200 mg BID provided similar overall effectiveness, some patients derived additional benefit from the 200 mg BID dose. Doses of 400 mg BID provided no additional benefit above that seen with 100-200 mg BID.
Analgesia, including primary dysmenorrhea: In acute analgesic models of post-oral surgery pain, post-orthopedic surgical pain, and primary dysmenorrhea, CELEBREX relieved pain that was rated by patients as moderate to severe. Single doses (see DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION ) of CELEBREX provided pain relief within 60 minutes.
Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS): CELEBREX was evaluated in AS patients in two placebo- and active-controlled clinical trials of 6 and 12 weeks duration. CELEBREX at doses of 100 mg BID, 200 mg QD and 400 mg QD was shown to be statistically superior to placebo in these studies for all three co-primary efficacy measures assessing global pain intensity (Visual Analogue Scale), global disease activity (Visual Analogue Scale) and functional impairment (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index). In the 12-week study, there was no difference in the extent of improvement between the 200 mg and 400 mg celecoxib doses in a comparison of mean change from baseline, but there was a greater percentage of patients who responded to celecoxib 400 mg, 53%, than to celecoxib 200 mg, 44%, using the Assessment in Ankylosing Spondylitis response criteria (ASAS 20). 1 The ASAS 20 defines a responder as improvement from baseline of at least 20% and an absolute improvement of at least 10 mm, on a 0 to 100 mm scale, in at least three of the four following domains: patient global, pain, Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index, and inflammation. The responder analysis also demonstrated no change in the responder rates beyond 6 weeks.
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP): CELEBREX was evaluated to reduce the number of adenomatous colorectal polyps. A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in patients with FAP. The study population included 58 patients with a prior subtotal or total colectomy and 25 patients with an intact colon. Thirteen patients had the attenuated FAP phenotype.
One area in the rectum and up to four areas in the colon were identified at baseline for specific follow-up, and polyps were counted at baseline and following six months of treatment. The mean reduction in the number of colorectal polyps was 28% for CELEBREX 400 mg BID, 12% for CELEBREX 100 mg BID and 5% for placebo. The reduction in polyps observed with CELEBREX 400 mg BID was statistically superior to placebo at the six-month timepoint (p=0.003). (See Figure 1.)
The Celecoxib Long-Term Arthritis Safety Study (CLASS) was a prospective long-term safety outcome study conducted postmarketing in approximately 5,800 OA patients and 2,200 RA patients. Patients received CELEBREX 400 mg BID (4-fold and 2-fold the recommended OA and RA doses, respectively, and the approved dose for FAP), ibuprofen 800 mg TID or diclofenac 75 mg BID (common therapeutic doses). Median exposures for CELEBREX (n = 3,987) and diclofenac (n = 1,996) were 9 months while ibuprofen (n = 1,985) was 6 months. The primary endpoint of this outcome study was the incidence of complicated ulcers (gastrointestinal bleeding, perforation or obstruction). Patients were allowed to take concomitant low-dose (= 325 mg/day) aspirin (ASA) for cardiovascular prophylaxis (ASA subgroups: CELEBREX, n = 882; diclofenac, n = 445; ibuprofen, n = 412). Differences in the incidence of complicated ulcers between CELEBREX and the combined group of ibuprofen and diclofenac were not statistically significant.
Those patients on CELEBREX and concomitant low-dose ASA (N=882) experienced 4-fold higher rates of complicated ulcers compared to those not on ASA (N=3105). The Kaplan-Meier rate for complicated ulcers at 9 months was 1.12% versus 0.32% for those on low dose ASA and those not on ASA, respectively (see WARNINGS -- Gastrointestinal (GI) Effects ).
The estimated cumulative rates at 9 months of complicated and symptomatic ulcers for patients treated with CELEBREX 400 mg BID are described in Table 2. Table 2 also displays results for patients less than or greater than 65 years of age. The difference in rates between CELEBREX alone and CELEBREX with ASA groups may be due to the higher risk for GI events in ASA users.
Darvon sure has been taking its lumps lately.
Oh, things were fine for a while, and Darvon, which was introduced in the United States in 1957, kept plugging along, year after year, near the top of the list of most-prescribed medications.
For almost two decades, it ranked right behind Valium and Librium as one of America's most popular prescription drugs, averaging 39 million prescriptions a year between 1973 and 1975.
Then things began to go sour.
It started a dozen years ago, when propoxyphene (the generic name for Darvon) was cited in 589 overdose deaths in 23 U.S. cities. This led the Ralph Nader-affiliated Health Research Group to demand a federal ban on use of the painkiller.
Calling it "the deadliest prescription drug in the United States," the group argued that propoxyphene figures into thousands of deaths and medical emergencies each year — many of them accidental overdoses.
It continued 11 years later, when the 1989 Darvon-related death of former NFL great John Matuszak prompted the group to renew its demand for removal of the drug from the U.S. market.
In the years between, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration stepped up its campaign against Darvon, limiting how and when and for how long doctors could prescribe the drug.
So what's everybody got against Darvon, anyway? And why, in spite of a lot of people's best efforts, won't it (and other propoxyphene-based drugs like it) go away?
Good questions. But to answer them fully we first have to look closely at the make-up and properties of the drug itself: the chemical propoxyphene.
Structurally, it's a relative of the synthetic narcotic, methadone. It's prescribed in two forms-propoxyphene hydrochloride and propoxyphene napsylate-for relief of mild to moderate pain.
Aside from slight differences-the napsylate (or N-form) of propoxyphene is more slowly absorbed in the body and so has a longer duration of action-the two drugs are identical. Both are found in a number of prescription pain medications, including:
Darvon and Darvon-N (propoxyphene only)\
Darvon with A.S.A., Darvon-N with A.S.A. (with aspirin)
Darvocet, Darvocet-N, Wygesic (with acetaminophen)
Darvon Compound, Darvon Compound-65 (with aspirin and caffeine)
But in whatever form, propoxyphene is prescribed and sold as a mild analgesic for pain that won't stop with aspirin.
So why all the fuss?
For one thing, Darvon doesn't work-at least not as well as it was supposed to when it was introduced back in 1957. At that time, its manufacturer, Eli Lilly and Company, promoted it as a safe, non-addicting substitute for codeine.
But the closer people looked, the less Darvon looked like a safe, non-addicting substitute for anything. In fact, in 1972, after clinical studies qued propoxyphene's effectiveness as a pain reliever, Lilly was required to release a statement backing off some of its earlier claims on behalf of the drug.
Acknowledging that "the preponderance of evidence indicates that it may be somewhat less potent than codeine," Lilly even conceded in its retraction there was "no substantial evidence to demonstrate that 65mg of Darvon is more effective than 650mg of aspirin [two standard tablets]."
No more effective than aspirin? Some authorities, including the American Medical Association's Drug Evaluations, went a step further, arguing that a dose of propoxyphene is actually less effective than a normal dose of aspirin.
Okay, so if propoxyphene is less effective and less potent than codeine and no better than two aspirin in relieving pain, what good is it, anyway?
Another good question, and one that gets more interesting the closer you get to the serious hazards associated with propoxyphene.
Risks & Realities
When people run into problems with propoxyphene, it's often due in large part to the drug's ineffectiveness.
Since it's most often prescribed for relief of pain, propoxyphene can easily be misused-particularly when relief does not appear to be fast or forthcoming. But pain sufferers who self-prescribe a double dose of Darvon when a first dose fails may be writing themselves a prescription for trouble.
Reasons revolve around unusual properties of the drug itself.
For one thing, the gap between a therapeutic dose and an overdose is small. This margin of safety is so slight, in fact, that as little as four times the standard dose can trigger a dangerous slowing of breathing and heart rate. Six times a therapeutic dose can cause seizures and symptoms of toxic psychosis.
Darvon's small safety margin shrinks further if the drug is taken with alcohol or other depressants.
In fact, more than 93 percent of all propoxyphene-related deaths in 1995 were the result of interactions with other drugs-more than half involving alcohol or diazepam. (Valium)
Addiction and Other Dangers
Given propoxyphene's similarities to methadone, it's not surprising that the drug is as addictive as it is.
In fact, the medical journal Clinical Pharmacology even argued that propoxyphene's "most prominent effect...may be its addictive quality."
And that danger hasn't been lost on a generation of users, either.
Darvon produces psychological and physical dependence like other narcotics, and treatment for Darvon dependence is much the same, too.
Other risks are tied to the presence of substances often found in propoxyphene preparations. Aspirin and acetaminophen are particularly dangerous since they can damage the liver and kidneys when overused.
Similarly, heavy doses of caffeine (found in Darvon Compound and Darvon Compound-65) can cause jitteriness, insomnia, and anxiety-which some users relieve by taking tranquilizers or sleeping pills, which further compounds the risk of overdose.
That brings us to a final danger of Darvon that's confronted too many users over the years: a potentially-fatal overdose syndrome.
Symptoms are similar to other narcotics overdoses, and include convulsions, stupor, pinpoint pupils, respiratory depression, and coma.
But propoxyphene overdoses are doubly deadly because they happen so quickly.
In fact, one study has shown that 20 percent of fatal overdoses occur in the first hour after ingestion of the drug.
Due to the seriousness of a propoxyphene OD and the rapid onset of symptoms, medical help should be sought immediately.
Darvon Today
Given the lumps that Darvon's been taking lately, it would seem to follow that propoxyphene would almost have disappeared as a drug problem by now, right?
Wrong.
Wrong. Propoxyphene figured into 6,449 emergency room admissions nationwide in 1996, and was cited by medical examiners as the twelfth-leading cause of drug fatalities for the previous year.
And in spite of its limitations and hazards associated with its use, thousands of doctors still dash off prescriptions for propoxyphene for a range of ailments, great and small.
The problem that won't quit
So what's a troubled pain sufferer to do?
Well, if you're routinely taking Darvon (or any of the other propoxyphene drugs) for everyday aches or pains, and you've been taking it for some time, you might look seriously at giving it up-or at least talking over your situation with a physician.
If you've been prescribed propoxyphene for a brand-new pain, take the drug only as directed and stop at your first opportunity.
And if you're taking Darvon because you're addicted to it (or you think you might be), contact a local drug treatment facility to get some help for yourself.
Because in spite of all the lumps it's taken, Darvon is still all too capable of inflicting a few lumps of its own, particularly to people who don't know what they're dealing with.
And while ignorance about some things can be bliss, with a drug as potentially dangerous as Darvon, ignorance is only ignorance.
A number of Darvon-like natural and synthetic narcotics are widely used as pain relievers today. When used properly, these drugs can mean the difference between incapacitating pain and normal functioning. But when overused or used improperly, they can produce the same problems as propoxyphene: overdose, addiction, and other health risks.
The most common side effects of the prescription pain relievers listed below are a group of symptoms that include dizziness, sedation, and nausea or vomiting. Other effects include flushing or tingling of the skin, dry mouth, lethargy, impaired concentration, and constipation. Like propoxyphene, all produce varying degrees of physical and psychological dependence. Each also produces tolerance, or a need to boost dosage in order to achieve similar effects.
Although the drugs have a broad range of effects and abuse potential, they share one thing in common: a nasty overdose syndrome that can be life threatening. Symptoms of overdose include pinpoint pupils, muscle flaccidity, depression of breathing and heart rate, stupor, and coma. Medical intervention is essential.
Probably the best advice to follow with all prescription narcotics is to take them with a healthy dose of caution. Because while their effects-and dangers-can range from very mild to very severe, they all can take away something infinitely more important than pain when used incorrectly. And they can all be used incorrectly.
Manufactured and distributed by Eli Lilly and Company, Darvocet is a brand name for mild narcotic analgesic drug which combines Acetaminophen and Propoxy or Propoxyphene, prescribed for the relief of mild to moderate pain, with or without fever. It is sold as: Darvocet A500, Darvocet N 100, Darvocet N 50, Propacet 100, Wygesic, Darvon-N (propoxyphene napsylate), Darvon (propoxyphene hydrochloride), Darvon Compound-65 (propoxyphene hydrochloride, aspirin, and caffeine).
Darvocet-N, Pronounced: DAR-voe-set en contains Propoxyphene napsylate and Acetaminophen. Propoxyphene napsylate, USP is an odorless, white, crystalline powder with a bitter taste. It is very slightly soluble in water and soluble in methanol, ethanol, chloroform, and acetone. Chemically, it is (aS,1R)-a-[2-(Dimethylamino)-1-methylethyl]-a-phenylphenethyl propionate compound with 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid (1:1) monohydrate. Its molecular weight is 565.72.
In long term use, some patients can develop hepatic failure due to the acetaminophen part of Darvocet. Also, Propoxyphene may be habit forming. Physical and/or psychological dependence can occur, and withdrawal effects are possible if the medication is stopped suddenly after prolonged or high-dose treatment.
Public Citizen’s Health Research Group asked the FDA on February 28, 2006 to ban Darvon and Darvocet, two popular painkillers. Darvon and Darvocet have been associated with the deaths of at least 2,110 people between 1981 and 1999. Additionally, Public Citizen’s Health Research Group said several hundred more people have died accidentally after taking the drugs each year since then. Dr. Sidney Wolfe, the group’s director, said the main active ingredient in the drugs, propoxyphene, is a relatively weak painkiller and poses an unacceptable toxic risk to the millions of patients prescribed it each year. It’s been sold since 1957. The drug’s popularity has waned, but still doctors wrote 23 million prescriptions for propoxyphene-containing drugs last year. Darvocet, which combines propoxyphene with acetaminophen, is among the best known of these types of painkillers.
An analysis of 26 studies that compared propoxyphene and acetaminophen with just acetaminophen or a dummy pill found the “narcotic combination offered little benefit over acetaminophen alone” in treating pain. “Thus, propoxyphene provides minimal if any additional analgesia to acetaminophen alone and is associated with significant adverse effects. It cannot be recommended for routine use,” Dr. Carolyn Sachs of the University of California, Los Angeles, wrote in her analysis, published in March 2005 in American Family Physician.
Co-proxamol, Britain’s most frequently used drug, has been taken off the market due to concerns about the high risk of accidental death from slight overdose and its frequent use in suicides. Co-proxamol is prescribed to hundreds of thousands of people every year has been the subject of a staggered withdrawal because of evidence that it can cause death if patients exceed the maximum recommended dosage by as little as two tablets. As many as 400 deaths a year are linked to either accidental or intentional overdoses of co-proxamol. A recent study found that the medication, whose effects are increased by alcohol, was responsible for 18 percent of all drug-related deaths and 5 percent of all suicides. As late 1997, it was the second most prescribed drug after the antibiotic amoxycilin. It is currently marketed by several pharmaceutical companies as co-proxamol and it is also sold under the brand names Distalgesic, Cosalgesic and Dolgesic. In the United States the drug is sold under the names Darvocet and Darvon
Darvon, Darvocet and related painkillers were associated with the deaths of at least 2,110 people between 1981 and 1999, critics said Tuesday in asking the government to ban the drugs.Several hundred more people have died accidentally after taking the drugs each year since then, Public...
Also known as Darvon and marketed worldwide under a variety of brands, Britain has banned this drug. Darvon was the second most popular prescribed medication in England at the time. The ban is based on government concerns about people dying from relatively low-level overdoses and its increasingly frequent use in suicides.
Studies of the popular British form of the drug, Co-proxamol, allegedly show that patients can overdose and die by exceeding their dosage by as little as two doses.
Up to 400 deaths a year have been associated with this British propoxyphene formulation, either in accidental or intentional overdoses. Another study, conducted more recently, indicates that the effect of the medication was a contributing factor, if not the causative factor in 18 percent of all drug related deaths and 5 percent of all suicides in England prior to its withdrawal.
Several groups have called for the withdrawal of Darvon and Darvocet from the US market, citing similar concerns about the dangerous potential of the drug in terms of accidental overdose and its known popularity as a method of suicide.
If you or a loved one accidentally overdosed on Darvon or Darvocet, please complete the form below. If you or a loved one attempted suicide with Darvon or Darvocet, please complete the form below.
Register your Darvon and Darvocet Complaint
If you or a loved one has suffered from an overdose or tried to commit suicide, you may qualify for damages or remedies that may be awarded in a possible class action lawsuit. Please click the link below to submit your complaint and we will have a lawyer review your Darvon and Darvocet complaint.
At LawyersandSettlements.com, it is our goal to keep you informed about important legal cases and settlements. We are dedicated to helping you resolve your legal complaints.
IMPORTANT NOTE:
This is a summary and does not contain all possible information about this product. For complete information about this product or your specific health needs, ask your health care professional. Always seek the advice of your health care professional if you have any questions about this product or your medical condition. This information is not intended as individual medical advice and does not substitute for the knowledge and judgment of your health care professional. This information does not contain any assurances that this product is safe, effective, or appropriate for you.
WARNING:
Propoxyphene has caused death when taken in large doses, either alone or with alcohol/drugs that can cause drowsiness (e.g., antidepressants, sedatives, muscle relaxants). Do not take this medication more often or use a larger dose than prescribed. Limit alcoholic beverages. Before taking this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the medications you may use.
USES:
This medication is used to treat mild-to-moderate pain. It acts on certain centers in the brain to give you pain relief. This medication is a narcotic pain reliever (opiate-type).
HOW TO USE:
Read the Patient Information Leaflet provided by your pharmacist before you start using propoxyphene and each time you get a refill. If you have any questions, consult your doctor or pharmacist. Take this medication by mouth with or without food, usually every 4 hours or as directed by your doctor. Do not take more than 6 tablets/capsules in a 24-hour period. If you have nausea, you may take this drug with food. Also, consult your doctor or pharmacist about other ways to decrease nausea (e.g., antihistamines, lying down for 1-2 hours with as little head movement as possible). The dosage is based on your medical condition and response to therapy. Pain medications work best if they are used as the first signs of pain occur. If you wait until the pain has worsened, the medication may not work as well. You may also take long-acting narcotic medications or use narcotic patches for ongoing pain if so directed by your doctor. In that case, this medication might be used for sudden (breakthrough) pain only as needed. Also follow your doctor's or pharmacist's instructions for safely using non-narcotic pain relievers (e.g., naproxen, ibuprofen). Ask your doctor or pharmacist if you have any questions. This medication may cause dependence, especially if it has been used regularly for an extended time or if it has been used in high doses. In such cases, withdrawal reactions (e.g., restlessness, watery eyes, runny nose) may occur if you suddenly stop this drug. To prevent withdrawal reactions when stopping extended, regular treatment with this drug, gradually reduce the dosage as directed. Consult your doctor or pharmacist for more details, and report any withdrawal reactions immediately. Though very unlikely, abnormal drug-seeking behavior (addiction) is possible with this medication. To lessen the risk of becoming addicted, do not increase your dose, take it more frequently, or take it for a longer time than prescribed. Properly stop the medication when so directed. When used for an extended period, this medication may not work as well and may require different dosing. Talk with your doctor if this medication stops working well. Inform your doctor if your pain persists or worsens.
DARVON N SIDE EFFECTS:
Nausea, vomiting, constipation, lightheadedness, dizziness, drowsiness, abdominal pain, or headache may occur. If any of these effects persist or worsen, notify your doctor or pharmacist promptly. To prevent constipation, maintain a diet adequate in fiber, drink plenty of water, and exercise. If you become constipated while using this drug, consult your pharmacist for help in selecting a laxative (e.g., stimulant-type with stool softener). Remember that your doctor has prescribed this medication because he or she has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Tell your doctor immediately if any of these unlikely but serious side effects occur: slow/shallow breathing, mental/mood changes, vision changes, dark urine, yellowing eyes/skin, persistent nausea/vomiting, severe stomach/abdominal pain. A very serious allergic reaction to this drug is rare. However, seek immediate medical attention if you notice any of the following symptoms of a serious allergic reaction: rash, itching, swelling, severe dizziness, trouble breathing. If you notice other effects not listed above, contact your doctor or pharmacist.
DARVON N PRECAUTIONS:
Before taking propoxyphene, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to other narcotic pain medications (e.g., methadone, morphine) or if you have any other allergies. This medication should not be used if you have certain medical conditions. Before using this medicine, consult your doctor or pharmacist if you have: personal or family history of regular use/abuse of drugs/alcohol, thoughts of suicide or history of suicide attempt, intoxication with medications that depress the nervous system or your breathing (CNS/respiratory depressants such as alcohol or tranquilizers/sedatives), infectious diarrhea. Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical history, especially of: brain disorders (e.g., seizures, head injury, tumor, increased intracranial pressure), heart problems (e.g., irregular heartbeat), lung diseases (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-COPD, hypoxia, hypercapnia), disease of the pancreas (e.g., pancreatitis), mental/mood disorders (e.g., toxic psychosis, depression), a certain spinal problem (kyphoscoliosis), gallbladder disease, kidney disease, liver disease, adrenal gland problem (e.g., Addison's disease), difficulty urinating (e.g., due to enlarged prostate or urethral stricture), underactive thyroid (hypothyroidism), intestinal diseases (e.g., colitis), recent bowel/abdominal surgery. This drug may make you dizzy or drowsy. Use caution while driving, using machinery, or taking part in any other activity that requires alertness. Limit alcoholic beverages because they may increase the risk of this drug's side |